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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
在课程建设中回答好“时代之问”****** 党的二十大报告指出，教育是国之大计、党之大计。培养什么人、怎样培养人、为谁培养人是教育的根本问题。作为经济学教育科研一线的一名共产党员，我深感肩上的时代使命与责任。上海财经大学在人才培养中坚持立德树人的根本任务，培养具有家国情怀和使命担当的社会主义接班人。我所在的经济学院是上海市首批课程思政领航学院，作为领航学院负责人，我组织实施了学院的本科和研究生课程思政全覆盖建设。 针对经济学课程的特点，我们探索形成以课程思政案例为基础的可量化评估、可复制的高质量课程思政建设模式。我负责的《博弈与社会》课程入选上海市课程思政示范课程。党的二十大召开后，我们组织教师开发建设融二十大精神于课堂教学的课程思政案例。通过案例教学方式开展课程思政教育，不仅让学生以“盐溶于水”的方式受到社会主义核心价值观教育，也推动了专业课程的教学方法改革。在课程思政建设与实施中，广大教师也接受了一次价值观的强化，实现了高校人才培养价值引领、师德师风建设与教学方法改革协同并进。 党的二十大报告系统总结了十年来中国经济发展的成功经验，并提出了许多具有开拓性的论断和判断，强调“科技是第一生产力、人才是第一资源、创新是第一推动力”。高校肩负着培养高质量创新人才的重任，上海财经大学经济学院近十几年来积极推进创新人才培养模式改革，引领了全国经济学科最新一轮改革浪潮，极大提升了人才培养质量，我院的改革成果获得国家教学成果奖。同时，针对当前数字经济人才稀缺的现状，我们积极规划建设数字经济系列教材，全校协调筹划成立数字经济系，以培养国家急需的数字经济人才，并创新培养模式，融实践于学生培养过程，在解决重大问题的实践锻炼中培养学生，以达到知晓中国、报效祖国的目的。 中国当前正面临重大挑战和历史机遇，必须完整、准确、全面贯彻新发展理念，坚持社会主义市场经济改革方向，坚持高水平对外开放，加快构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局。必须以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴。为了系统探索中国式现代化理论，加快构建中国自主知识体系，学校以我院教师团队为核心，组建成立了“中国经济思想发展研究院”，会聚一批国内外优秀学者进行理论创新，探索构建中国经济学自主知识体系，运用习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的世界观和方法论，围绕以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴的中心任务，推进知识创新、理论创新、方法创新，思考并回答好中国之问、世界之问、人民之问、时代之问。 （光明日报记者颜维琦、任鹏采访整理） 《光明日报》（ 2023年01月12日 05版） （文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎） [责编：天天中] 阅读剩余全文（）  视觉焦点
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